Creation of New -VM Files in ESX i 5.0
Files:
.hlog vMotion log file
.lck-XXX Locking file on NFS datastore
file.log VM activity log
file-#.log Old VM log
.nvram BIOS or EFI settings
file.rdm RDM in Virtual Compatibility mode
team.rdmp RDM in Physical Compatibility mode
memory.vmdk Disk descriptor (also raw virtual disk for hosted products
-flat.vmdk Raw pre-allocated virtual disk
-00000#.vmdk- Snapshot child disk
-ctk.vmdk Changed Block Tracking file
-00000#-delta.vmdk Snapshot differential file
file.vmsd Snapshot metadata
vmsn Snapshot state file
.vmss Suspended state file
log.vmss Suspended state file
.vmtx Template header
.vmx Primary configuration file
.vmxf Extra configuration file for VMs in a team
.vswp Swap file for over committed memory
Visual Studio Team Foundation Server 2010,Microsoft forefront gateway 2010, Sharepoint Server,Sql server,VMWARE,Vsphere,Vcenter,VMotion & CLustering
Thursday, February 02, 2012
Friday, January 27, 2012
As simple questions for Vmware administrator?
1) How to find the log of ESX Server when Esx server is down?
2) How to get the log information of HBA ?
3) I had upgraded the bios version after that esx server is not running , how to find the log?
4)what is vilogger?
5) How to check the network information of esx server from a centralized place?
Use VMA server for all this solutions
Monday, November 07, 2011
Create a snapshot but do not have enough space on the VMFS volume
Power on a virtual machine but there is not enough space to create a swap file on the VMFS volume
To change the default location:
Power off the virtual machine.
Add the following line to the VMX configuration file for the virtual machine:
workingDir=""
For example:
workingDir="/vmfs/volumes/46f1225f-552b0069-e03b-00145e808070/vm-snapshots"
To reload virtual machine configuration, run the command:
# vimsh -ne "vmsvc/reload"
When you power on the virtual machine, snapshot files and VSWP files are created in the new location.
Note: If you do not want to redirect the virtual machine’s swap file, add the following line to the VMX configuration file, then reload the configuration:
sched.swap.dir=""
When you power on the virtual machine, the swap file is created in the same directory as virtual machine.
To change the default location:
Power off the virtual machine.
Add the following line to the VMX configuration file for the virtual machine:
workingDir="
For example:
workingDir="/vmfs/volumes/46f1225f-552b0069-e03b-00145e808070/vm-snapshots"
To reload virtual machine configuration, run the command:
# vimsh -ne "vmsvc/reload
When you power on the virtual machine, snapshot files and VSWP files are created in the new location.
Note: If you do not want to redirect the virtual machine’s swap file, add the following line to the VMX configuration file, then reload the configuration:
sched.swap.dir="
When you power on the virtual machine, the swap file is created in the same directory as virtual machine.
Friday, August 26, 2011
Choosing a block size when creating VMFS datastores
When you create a VMFS datastore on your VMware ESX servers many administrators select the default 1MB block size without knowing when or why to change it. The block size determines the minimum amount of disk space that any file will take up on VMFS datastores. So an 18KB log file will actually take up 1MB of disk space (1 block) and a 1.3MB file will take up 2MB of disk space (2 blocks). But the block size also determines the maximum size that any file can be, if you select a 1MB block size on your data store the maximum file size is limited to 256GB. So when you create a VM you cannot assign it a single virtual disk greater then 256GB. There is also no way to change the block size after you set it without deleting the datastore and re-creating it, which will wipe out any data on the datastore.
Because of this you should choose your block size carefully when creating VMFS datastores. The VMFS datastores mainly contain larger virtual disk files so increasing the block size will not use all that much more disk space over the default 1MB size. You have the following choices when creating a datastore:
• 1MB block size – 256GB maximum file size
• 1MB block size – 256GB maximum file size
• 2MB block size – 512GB maximum file size
• 4MB block size – 1024GB maximum file size
• 8MB block size – 2048GB maximum file size
Besides having smaller files use slightly more disk space on your datastore there are no other downsides to using larger block sizes. There is no noticeable I/O performance difference by using a larger block size. When you create your datastore, make sure you choose your block size carefully. 1MB should be fine if you have a smaller datastore (less than 500GB) and never plan on using virtual disks greater then 256GB. If you have a medium (500GB – 1TB) datastore and there is a chance that you may need a VM with a larger disk then go with a 2MB or 4MB block size. For larger datastores (1TB – 2TB) go with a 4MB or 8MB block size. In most cases you will not be creating virtual disks equal to the maximum size of your datastore (2TB) so you will usually not need a 8MB block size.
Besides having smaller files use slightly more disk space on your datastore there are no other downsides to using larger block sizes. There is no noticeable I/O performance difference by using a larger block size. When you create your datastore, make sure you choose your block size carefully. 1MB should be fine if you have a smaller datastore (less than 500GB) and never plan on using virtual disks greater then 256GB. If you have a medium (500GB – 1TB) datastore and there is a chance that you may need a VM with a larger disk then go with a 2MB or 4MB block size. For larger datastores (1TB – 2TB) go with a 4MB or 8MB block size. In most cases you will not be creating virtual disks equal to the maximum size of your datastore (2TB) so you will usually not need a 8MB block size.
There is no noticeable I/O performance difference by using a larger block size. When you create your datastore, make sure you choose your block size carefully. 1MB should be fine if you have a smaller datastore (less than 500GB) and never plan on using virtual disks greater then 256GB. If you have a medium (500GB – 1TB) datastore and there is a chance that you may need a VM with a larger disk then go with a 2MB or 4MB block size. For larger datastores (1TB – 2TB) go with a 4MB or 8MB block size. In most cases you will not be creating virtual disks equal to the maximum size of your datastore (2TB) so you will usually not need a 8MB block sizeVMFS Size Limitations
New Partition Tables For VMFS
Tuesday, April 26, 2011
SOAP
SIMPLE OBJECT ACESS PROTOCOL
The VMware Host Server (SOAP) sensor monitors a VMware host server using Simple Object Access Protocol. It shows CPU (percent) and memory (absolute) usage, disk read and write speed, and network received and transmitted speed of a VMware host server
Add Sensor
The Add Sensor dialog appears when adding a new sensor on a device manually. It only shows the setting fields that are imperative for creating the sensor. Therefore, you will not see all setting fields in this dialog. You can change all settings in the sensor's Settings tab later.
VMware Host Server Sensor Settings
On the sensor's detail page, click on the Settings tab to change settings.
Note: If not set explicitly in a sensor's settings, it will connect to the IP address or DNS name defined in the settings of the parent device the sensor is created on.
Basic Sensor Settings
Sensor Name
Enter a meaningful name to identify the sensor. The name will be shown by default in the device tree and in all alarms.
Tags: Enter one or more tags, separated by space or comma. You can use tags to group sensors and use tag-filtered views later on. Tags are not case sensitive. We recommend using the default value. You can add additional tags to it, if you like. Tags are automatically inherited.
Priority
Select a priority for the sensor. This setting determines where the sensor will be placed in sensor lists. Top priority will be at the top of a list. You can choose from one star (low priority) to five stars (top priority).
Sensor Display
Primary Channel: Select a channel from the list to define it as the primary channel. In the device tree, the last value of the primary channel will always be displayed underneath the sensor's name. The available options depend on what channels are available for this sensor.
Chart Type
Define how different channels will be shown for this sensor.
•Show channels independently (default) : Show an own graph for each channel.
•Stack channels on top of each other : Stack channels on top of each other to create a multi-channel graph. This will generate an easy-to-read graph which visualizes the different components of your total traffic.
Stack Unit: This setting is only available if stacked graphs are selected above. Choose a unit from the list. All channels with this unit will be stacked on top of each other. By default, you cannot exclude single channels from stacking, if they use the selected unit. However, there is an advanced procedure to do so.
Inherited Settings: By default, all following settings are inherited from objects higher in the hierarchy and should be changed there, if necessary. Often, best practice is to change them centrally in the Root group's settings. To change a setting for this object, disable inheritance by clicking on the check mark symbol in front of the respective setting name. You will then see the options described below.
Scanning Interval
Scanning Interval: The scanning interval determines the time the sensor waits between two scans. Select a scanning interval (seconds, minutes, or hours) from the list. You can change the available intervals in the system administration.
Schedules and Dependencies
Schedule:
Select a schedule from the list. Schedules can be used to pause monitoring for a certain time span (days, hours) throughout the week. You can create new schedules and edit existing ones in the account settings. Note: Schedules are generally inherited. New schedules will be added to existing ones, so all schedules are active.
Inherit Access Rights
User Group Access
Define which user group(s) will have access to the object you're editing. A table with user groups and right is shown; it contains all user groups from your setup. For each user group you can choose from the following access rights:
•Inherited : Use the settings of the parent object.
•None : Users in this group cannot see or edit the object. The object does not show up in lists and in the sensor tree. Exception: If a child object is visible to the user, the object is visible in the sensor tree, though not accessible.
•Read : Users in this group can see the object and review its monitoring results.
•Write : Users in this group can see the object, review its monitoring results, and edit the object's settings. They cannot edit access rights settings.
•Full : Users in this group can see the object, review its monitoring results, edit the object's settings, and edit access rights settings.
You can create new user groups in the System Administration—User Groups settings. To automatically set all objects further down in the hierarchy to inherit this object's access rights, set a check mark for the Revert children's access rights to inherited option
Tuesday, February 08, 2011
Types Of VMDK FILES
After a long research from Google , i found the differences of VMDK Files
vmdk files – These are the disk files that are created for each virtual hard drive in your VM. There are 3 different types of files that use the vmdk extension, they are:
*–flat.vmdk file
*.vmdk file
*–delta.vmdk file
*–flat.vmdk file - This is the actual raw disk file that is created for each virtual hard drive. Almost all of a .vmdk file's content is the virtual machine's data, with a small portion allotted to virtual machine overhead. This file will be roughly the same size as your virtual hard drive.
SnapShot -1
Snap Shot-2
vmdk files – These are the disk files that are created for each virtual hard drive in your VM. There are 3 different types of files that use the vmdk extension, they are:
*–flat.vmdk file
*.vmdk file
*–delta.vmdk file
*–flat.vmdk file - This is the actual raw disk file that is created for each virtual hard drive. Almost all of a .vmdk file's content is the virtual machine's data, with a small portion allotted to virtual machine overhead. This file will be roughly the same size as your virtual hard drive.
*.vmdk file – This isn't the file containing the raw data anymore. Instead it is the disk descriptor file which describes the size and geometry of the virtual disk file. This file is in text format and contains the name of the –flat.vmdk file for which it is associated with and also the hard drive adapter type, drive sectors, heads and cylinders, etc. One of these files will exist for each virtual hard drive that is assigned to your virtual machine. You can tell which –flat.vmdk file it is associated with by opening the file and looking at the Extent Description field.

*–delta.vmdk file - This is the differential file created when you take a snapshot of a VM (also known as REDO log). When you snapshot a VM it stops writing to the base vmdk and starts writing changes to the snapshot delta file. The snapshot delta will initially be small and then start growing as changes are made to the base vmdk file, The delta file is a bitmap of the changes to the base vmdk thus is can never grow larger than the base vmdk. A delta file will be created for each snapshot that you create for a VM. These files are automatically deleted when the snapshot is deleted or reverted in snapshot manager
SnapShot -1
Snap Shot-2
I think it will be very help full for all the viewers............................................................
Wednesday, January 19, 2011
Esxcfg command help
Jump
To:
Networking: Esxcfg-firewall
Esxcfg-nics Esxcfg-vswitch
Esxcfg-vswif
Esxcfg-route
Esxcfg-vmknic
Storage: Esxcfg-mpath Esxcfg-nas Esxcfg-swisci
Esxcfg-vmhbadevs
General: Esxcfg-advcfg
Esxcfg-auth Esxcfg-info Esxcfg-resgrp Esxcfg-upgrade
Boot/Diagnostic: Esxcfg-boot Esxcfg-dumppart Esxcfg-init
Esxcfg-linuxnet Esxcfg-module
Esxcfg-firewall
Description: Configures the service
console firewall ports
Syntax: esxcfg-firewall <options>
Options:
-q | Lists current settings |
-q <service> | Lists settings for the specified service |
-q incoming|outgoing | Lists settings for non-required incoming/outgoing ports |
-s | Lists known services |
-l | Loads current settings |
-r | Resets all options to defaults |
-e <service> | Allows specified service through the firewall (enables) |
-d <service> | Blocks specified service (disables) |
-o <port, tcp|udp,in|out,name> | Opens a port |
-c <port, tcp|udp,in|out> | Closes a port previously opened by –o |
-h | Displays command help |
-allowincoming | Allow all incoming ports |
-allowoutgoing | Allow all outgoing ports |
-blockincoming | Block all non-required incoming ports (default value) |
-blockoutgoing | Block all non-required outgoing ports (default value) |
Default Services:
AAMClient | Added by the vpxa RPM: Traffic between ESX Server hosts for VMware High Availability (HA) and EMC Autostart Manager – inbound and outbound TCP and UDP Ports 2050 – 5000 and 8042 – 8045 |
activeDirectorKerberos | Active Directory Kerberos - outbound TCPs Port 88 and 464 |
CIMHttpServer | First-party optional service: CIM HTTP Server - inbound TCP Port 5988 |
CIMHttpsServer | First-party optional service: CIM HTTPS Server - inbound TCP Port 5989 |
CIMSLP | First-party optional service: CIM SLP - inbound and outbound TCP and UDP Ports 427 |
commvaultDynamic | Backup agent: Commvault dynamic – inbound and outbound TCP Ports 8600 – 8619 |
commvaultStatic | Backup agent: Commvault static – inbound and outbound TCP Ports 8400 – 8403 |
ftpClient | FTP client - outbound TCP Port 21 |
ftpServer | FTP server - inbound TCP Port 21 |
kerberos | Kerberos - outbound TCPs Port 88 and 749 |
LicenseClient | FlexLM license server client - outbound TCP Ports 27000 and 27010 |
nfsClient | NFS client - outbound TCP and UDP Ports 111 and 2049 (0 – 65535) |
nisClient | NIS client - outbound TCP and UDP Ports 111 (0 – 65535) |
ntpClient | NTP client - outbound UDP Port 123 |
smbClient | SMB client - outbound TCP Ports 137 – 139 and 445 |
snmpd | SNMP services - inbound TCP Port 161 and outbound TCP Port 162 |
sshClient | SSH client - outbound TCP Port 22 |
sshServer | SSH server - inbound TCP Port 22 |
swISCSIClient | First-party optional service: Software iSCSI client - outbound TCP Port 3260 |
telnetClient | NTP client - outbound TCP Port 23 |
TSM | Backup agent: IBM Tivoli Storage Manager – inbound and outbound TCP Ports 1500 |
veritasBackupExec | Backup agent: Veritas BackupExec – inbound TCP Ports 10000 – 10200 |
veritasNetBackup | Backup agent: Veritas NetBackup – inbound TCP Ports 13720, 13732, 13734, and 13783 |
vncServer | VNC server - Allow VNC sessions 0-64: inbound TCP Ports 5900 – 5964 |
vpxHeartbeats | vpx heartbeats - outbound UDP Port 902 |
/etc/vmware/firewall/services.xml
esxcfg-firewall
examples:
Enable ssh client connections from the
Service Console:
# esxcfg-firewall -e sshClient
Disable the Samba client connections:
# esxcfg-firewall
-d smbClient
Allow syslog outgoing
traffic:
# esxcfg-firewall -o
514,udp,out,syslog
Turn off the
firewall:
# esxcfg-firewall -allowIncoming
#
esxcfg-firewall -allowOutgoing
Re-enable the
firewall:
# esxcfg-firewall -blockIncoming
#
esxcfg-firewall –blockOutgoing
Esxcfg-nics
Description: Prints a list of physical network adapters along with information
on the driver, PCI device, and link state of each NIC. You can also use this
command to control a physical network adapter’s speed and
duplexing.
Syntax:
esxcfg-nics <options> [nic]
Options:
-s <speed> | Set the speed of this NIC to one of 10/100/1000/10000. Requires a NIC parameter. |
-d <duplex> | Set the duplex of this NIC to one of 'full' or 'half'. Requires a NIC parameter. |
-a | Set speed and duplex automatically. Requires a NIC parameter. |
-l | Print the list of NICs and their settings. |
-r | Restore the NICs configured speed/duplex settings. (Internal use only) |
-h | Displays command help |
esxcfg-nics
examples:
Set the speed and duplex of a NIC
(vmnic2) to 100/Full:
esxcfg-nics -s 100 -d full
vmnic2
Set the speed and duplex of a NIC (vmnic2)
to auto-negotiate:
esxcfg-nics -a vmnic2
Esxcfg-vswitch
Description: Creates and updates
virtual machine (vswitch) network settings
Syntax: esxcfg-vswitch <options>
[vswitch[:ports]]
Options:
-a | Add a new virtual switch. |
-d | Delete the virtual switch. |
-l | List all the virtual switches. |
-L <pnic> | Set pnic as an uplink for the vswitch. |
-U <pnic> | Remove pnic from the uplinks for the vswitch. |
-p <portgroup> | Specify a portgroup for operation. Use ALL for operation to work on all portgroups |
-v <vlan id> | Set VLAN ID for portgroup specified by -p. 0 would disable the VLAN. |
-c | Check to see if a virtual switch exists. Program outputs a 1 if it exists, 0 otherwise. |
-A <name> | Add a new portgroup to the virtual switch. |
-D <name> | Delete the portgroup from the virtual switch. |
-C <name> | Check to see if a portgroup exists. Program outputs a 1 if it exists, 0 otherwise. |
-r | Restore all virtual switches from the configuration file (Internal use only) |
-h | Displays command help |
esxcfg-vswitch examples:
Add a pnic (vmnic2) to a vswitch (vswitch1):
esxcfg-vswitch -L vmnic2 vswitch1
Remove a pnic (vmnic3) from a vswitch (vswitch0):
esxcfg-vswitch -U vmnic3 vswitch0
Create a portgroup (VM Network3) on a vswitch
(vswitch1):
esxcfg-vswitch -A "VM Network 3"
vSwitch1
Assign a VLAN ID (3) to a portgroup (VM
Network 3) on a vswitch (vswitch1):
esxcfg-vswitch
-v 3 -p "VM Network 3" vSwitch1
Esxcfg-vswif
Description: Creates and updates service console network settings. This
command is used if you cannot manage the ESX Server host through the VI Client
because of network configuration issues.
Syntax: esxcfg-vswif <options>
[vswif]
Options:
-a | Add vswif, requires IP parameters. Automatically enables interface. |
-d | Delete vswif. |
-l | List configured vswifs. |
-e | Enable this vswif interface. |
-s | Disable this vswif interface. |
-p | Set the portgroup name of the vswif. |
-i <x.x.x.x> or DHCP | The IP address for this vswif or specify DHCP to use DHCP for this address. |
-n <x.x.x.x> | The IP netmask for this vswif. |
-b <x.x.x.x> | The IP broadcast address for this vswif. (not required if netmask and ip are set) |
-c | Check to see if a virtual NIC exists. Program outputs a 1 if the given vswif exists, 0 otherwise. |
-D | Disable all vswif interfaces. (WARNING: This may result in a loss of network connectivity to the Service Console) |
-E | Enable all vswif interfaces and bring them up. |
-r | Restore all vswifs from the configuration file. (Internal use only) |
-h | Displays command help. |
default gateway by editing the /etc/sysconfig/network file or through the VI
Client under Configuration, DNS & Routing.
esxcfg-vswif
examples:
Change your Service Console (vswif0)
IP and Subnet Mask:
esxcfg-vswif -i 172.20.20.5 -n
255.255.255.0 vswif0
Add a Service Console
(vswif0):
esxcfg-vswif -a vswif0 -p "Service
Console" -i 172.20.20.40 -n 255.255.255.0
Esxcfg-route
Description: Sets or retrieves the default VMkernel gateway
route
Syntax:
esxcfg-route <options> [<network> [<netmask>] <gateway>]
<network> can be specified in 2 ways: as a single argument in
<network>/<mask> format or as a <network> <netmask>
pair.
<gateway> is either an IP address or 'default'
Options:
-a | Add route to the VMkernel, requires network address (or 'default') and gateway IP address. |
-d | Delete route from the VMkernel, requires network address (or 'default'). |
-l | List configured routes for the Service Console. |
-r | Restore route setting to configured values on system start. (Internal use only) |
-h | Displays command help |
esxcfg-route examples:
Set the VMkernel default gateway route:
esxcfg-route 172.20.20.1
Add a
route to the VMkernel:
esxcfg-route -a default
255.255.255.0 172.20.20.1
Esxcfg-vmknic
Description: Creates and updates
VMkernel TCP/IP settings for VMotion, NAS, and iSCSI
Syntax: esxcfg-vmknic <options>
[[portgroup]]
Options:
-a | Add a VMkernel NIC to the system, requires IP parameters and portgroup name. |
-d | Delete VMkernel NIC on given portgroup. |
-e | Enable the given NIC if disabled. |
-D | Disable the given NIC if enabled. |
-l | List VMkernel NICs. |
-i <x.x.x.x> | The IP address for this VMkernel NIC. Setting an IP address requires that the -n option be given in same command. |
-n <x.x.x.x> | The IP netmask for this VMkernel NIC. Setting the IP netmask requires that the -i option be given in the same command. |
-r | Restore VMkernel TCP/IP interfaces from configuration file. (Internal use only) |
-h | Displays command help |
Add
a VMkernel NIC and set the IP and subnet mask:
esxcfg-vmknic -a "VM Kernel" -i 172.20.20.19 -n 255.255.255.0